-
1 porta
porta, ae (portabus for portis, Cn. Gell. ap. Charis. p. 40 P.), f. [from root par-, to pierce, pass through; Gr. peraô, peirô, poros, ford; Lat.: peritus, ex-perior, and v. periculum], a city-gate, a gate.I.Lit.:B.hic (miles) portas frangit, at ille (amans) fores,
Ov. Am. 1, 9, 20:rectā portā invadam extemplo in oppidum antiquom et vetus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 60; id. Ps. 2, 2, 3:si Hannibal ad portas venisset,
Cic. Fin. 4, 9, 22:pedem portā efferre,
id. Att. 8, 2, 4; 7, 2, 6; Verg. A. 4, 130:ad portam praesto esse,
Cic. Pis. 23, 55:portā introire,
id. ib. 23, 55:egressus portā Capenā,
id. Tusc. 1, 7, 13:extra portam Collinam,
id. Leg. 2, 23, 58:porta Carmentalis,
Liv. 2, 49, 8:pars egressa portis erat,
id. 3, 60, 9; 23, 46, 10:omnibus portis effundi,
id. 24, 1, 3:portā Capenā Romam ingressus,
id. 26, 10, 1; 33, 26, 9:signa portis efferre,
id. 27, 2, 5:portis ruere,
id. 27, 41, 8:eādem portā signa infesta urbi inferre,
id. 28, 3, 13:patefactā portā Romani erumpunt,
id. 28, 36, 8:subito omnibus portis eruptione factā,
Caes. B. G. 3, 6; 19; 5, 51:omnibus portis prorumpunt,
Tac. H. 4, 20; 34:portarum claustra,
Verg. A. 7, 185:limina portarum,
id. ib. 2, 803:portas obice firmā claudere,
Ov. M. 14, 780:portas reserare hosti,
id. A. A. 3, 577:portā triumphali ducere funus,
Tac. A. 3, 47:sanctae quoque res, veluti muri et portae, quodammodo divini juris sunt,
Gai. Inst. 2, 8:vidi Portas (Carthaginis) non clausas, a proof that the people were fearless,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 23.—Connected with urbis:qui urbis portas occuparent,
Cic. Phil. 14, 6, 15:bellum a portis hujus urbis avolsum,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1.—With per (rare except in Livy):per unam portam praesidium Romanum irrumpit,
Liv. 9, 24, 12:paulo ante lucem per effractam portam urbem ingreditur,
id. 24, 46, 7:per aversam portam silentio excedere,
id. 10, 34, 4; 4, 46, 6; 23, 47, 8:elapsus per eam portam quae... ad Darii castra pervenit,
Curt. 4, 10, 25; Vulg. Gen. 34, 20:in fastigio portae,
id. 2 Reg. 18, 24.—Prov.: porta itineri longissima, the way to the gate is the longest (sc. in making a journey), i. e. it is the first step that costs, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 2.—Transf., in gen., like our gate, of an avenue, entrance, passage, outlet, door of any kind (syn.: fores, janua, ostium). —Of the gates of a camp:* II.ab decumanā portā castra munita,
Caes. B. G. 3, 25; so,principalis,
Liv. 40, 27:quaestoria,
id. ib.:villarum,
Plin. 28, 10, 44, § 157: venti, velut agmine facto, Quā data porta, ruunt, [p. 1401] Verg. A. 1, 82.—Of a cage:ex portā ludis emitti, said of hares,
Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 30: porta tonat caeli, Enn. ap. Vet. Gram. ap. Col. (Ann. v. 597 Vahl.); Verg. G. 3, 261:somni,
id. A. 6, 893; cf.eburna,
Hor. C. 3, 27, 41:ubi portitor aera recepit, Obserat umbrosos lurida porta rogos,
the portal of the infernal regions, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 8: belli portae, Enn. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 7, 622; Hor. S. 1, 4, 61 (Ann. v. 271 Vahl.):mortis,
Vulg. Psa. 9, 15:inferi,
id. Isa. 38, 10:portae, quae alibi Armeniae, alibi Caspiae, alibi Ciliciae vocantur,
passes, gorges, defiles, Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 99; Nep. Dat. 7, 3; Val. Fl. 3, 496:solis,
the signs of Cancer and Aries in the zodiac, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 12, and S. 1, 17: jecoris, a part of the liver (so too in Gr. pulê), Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137:fluviorum,
Vulg. Nahum, 2, 6.—Of the fundament, Cat. 15, 17.—Trop.A.Et quibus e portis occurri cuique deceret, by what way, by what means, Lucr. 6, 32.—B.As the symbol of strength:portae inferi,
the powers of hell, Vulg. Matt. 16, 18. -
2 porta
porta ae, f [1 PAR-], a city-gate, gate: ad portam venire, T.: portarum claves, S.: qui urbis portas occuparent: si Hannibal ad portas venisset: egressus portā Capenā: omnibus portis effundi, L.: It portis iuventus, V.: omnibus portis eruptione factā, Cs.: portarum claustra, V.: portas obice firmo claudere, O.: vidi Portas (Carthaginis) non clausas (as in peace), H.: per unam (portam) praesidium inrumpit, L.: per aversam portam excedere, L.— An avenue, entrance, passage, outlet, inlet, door: decumana, Cs.: praetoria, L.: ingens caeli, V.: somni, V.: eburna, H.: portae Ciliciae, passes, N.: portae iecoris.* * *gate, entrance; city gates; door; avenue; goal (soccer) -
3 bellum
bellum (ante-class. and poet. duel-lum), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.I.Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:II.bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,
Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:quae domi duellique male fecisti,
id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:quique agent rem duelli,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,
id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,
Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,
id. 22, 10, 2:victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,
id. 23, 11, 2:si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,
id. 36, 2, 2;and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,
id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:hic... Pacem duello miscuit,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:cadum Marsi memorem duelli,
id. ib. 3, 14, 18:vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,
id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]Form bellum.A.War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).1.Specifying the enemy.a.By adjj. denoting the nation:b.omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,
id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:Britannicum bellum,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:Gallicum,
id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:Germanicum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 28:Sabinum,
Liv. 1, 26, 4:Parthicum,
Vell. 2, 46, 2;similarly: bellum piraticum,
the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:Sertorianum bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:Mithridaticum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:Jugurthinum,
Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;similarly: bellum regium,
the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:Asiaticum,
id. ib. 22, 64:Africum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:Actiacum,
Vell. 2, 86, 3:Hispaniense,
id. 2, 55, 2.—With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:c.Venetorum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16:Helvetiorum,
id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;1, 30: Ambiorigis,
id. ib. 6, 29, 4:Pyrrhi, Philippi,
Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:Samnitium,
Liv. 7, 29, 2.—With cum and abl. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:belli causa cum Samnitibus,
Liv. 7, 29, 3:hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,
id. 33, 35, 12:novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,
id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—With cum dependent on the verb:d.quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,
Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—With adversus and acc. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).bellum adversus Philippum,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,
id. 8, 29, 6.—With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:e.ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,
id. 45, 11, 8:bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—With contra and acc.:f.cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:causam belli contra patriam inferendi,
id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—With in and acc. (very rare):g. h. k.Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,
Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—2.With verbs.a.Referring to the beginning of the war.(α).Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:(β).summa erat observatio in bello movendo,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:bellum commotum a Scapula,
id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,
Sall. C. 30, 2:is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,
Liv. 1, 53, 2:insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,
id. 4, 58, 6:dii pium movere bellum,
id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,concitare,
Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:(γ).cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,
Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,
Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,parare alicui,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:bellum terra et mari comparat,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,
Liv. 4, 55, 7:numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—Bellum differre, to postpone a war:(δ).nec jam poterat bellum differri,
Liv. 2, 30, 7:mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,
id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):(ε).omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,
Sall. J. 83, 1:prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,
id. ib. 20, 5:de integro bellum sumit,
id. ib. 62, 9:iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,
Liv. 38, 19, 3:sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,
Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:(ζ).bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,
Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 11, 35:judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,
join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,
undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,
id. 6, 9, 5:bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,
Vell. 2, 3, 3.—Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):(η).consensit et senatus bellum,
Liv. 8, 6, 8:bellum erat consensum,
id. 1, 32, 12.—Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:(θ).sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,
id. ib.:cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?
id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,
Liv. 5, 26, 3:Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,
id. 6, 22, 6:Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,
id. 7, 23, 2:quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,
id. ib. 16, 49:hunc toti bello praefecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:bellum administrandum permittere,
id. ib. 21, 61.—Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:(κ).ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,
Liv. 1, 32, 13:Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,
id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:bellum indici posse existimabat,
Liv. 1, 22, 4:ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,
id. 1, 22, 6:ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,
id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:(λ).Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,
Cic. Pis. 34, 84:ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:bellum patriae faciet,
id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;3, 29: constituit bellum facere,
Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:occupant bellum facere,
they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,
id. 1, 32, 13:populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,
id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,
Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 7:aliud multo propius bellum ortum,
Liv. 1, 14, 4:Veiens bellum exortum,
id. 2, 53, 1.—(ante-class. and poet. ), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.I.Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:II.bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,
Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:quae domi duellique male fecisti,
id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:quique agent rem duelli,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,
id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,
Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,
id. 22, 10, 2:victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,
id. 23, 11, 2:si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,
id. 36, 2, 2;and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,
id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:hic... Pacem duello miscuit,
Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:cadum Marsi memorem duelli,
id. ib. 3, 14, 18:vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,
id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]Form bellum.A.War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).1.Specifying the enemy.a.By adjj. denoting the nation:b.omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,
id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:Britannicum bellum,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:Gallicum,
id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:Germanicum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 28:Sabinum,
Liv. 1, 26, 4:Parthicum,
Vell. 2, 46, 2;similarly: bellum piraticum,
the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:Sertorianum bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:Mithridaticum,
id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:Jugurthinum,
Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;similarly: bellum regium,
the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:Asiaticum,
id. ib. 22, 64:Africum,
Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:Actiacum,
Vell. 2, 86, 3:Hispaniense,
id. 2, 55, 2.—With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:c.Venetorum,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16:Helvetiorum,
id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;1, 30: Ambiorigis,
id. ib. 6, 29, 4:Pyrrhi, Philippi,
Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:Samnitium,
Liv. 7, 29, 2.—With cum and abl. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:belli causa cum Samnitibus,
Liv. 7, 29, 3:hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,
id. 33, 35, 12:novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,
id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—With cum dependent on the verb:d.quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,
Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—With adversus and acc. of the name.(α).Attributively:(β).bellum adversus Philippum,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,
id. 8, 29, 6.—With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:e.ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,
id. 45, 11, 8:bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—With contra and acc.:f.cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:causam belli contra patriam inferendi,
id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—With in and acc. (very rare):g. h. k.Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,
Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—2.With verbs.a.Referring to the beginning of the war.(α).Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:(β).summa erat observatio in bello movendo,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:bellum commotum a Scapula,
id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,
Sall. C. 30, 2:is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,
Liv. 1, 53, 2:insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,
id. 4, 58, 6:dii pium movere bellum,
id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,concitare,
Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:(γ).cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,
Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,
Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,parare alicui,
Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:bellum terra et mari comparat,
Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,
id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,
Liv. 4, 55, 7:numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—Bellum differre, to postpone a war:(δ).nec jam poterat bellum differri,
Liv. 2, 30, 7:mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,
id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):(ε).omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,
Sall. J. 83, 1:prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,
id. ib. 20, 5:de integro bellum sumit,
id. ib. 62, 9:iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,
Liv. 38, 19, 3:sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,
Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:(ζ).bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,
Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,
id. ib. 1, 11, 35:judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,
join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,
undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,
id. 6, 9, 5:bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,
Vell. 2, 3, 3.—Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):(η).consensit et senatus bellum,
Liv. 8, 6, 8:bellum erat consensum,
id. 1, 32, 12.—Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:(θ).sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,
Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,
id. ib.:cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?
id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,
Liv. 5, 26, 3:Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,
id. 6, 22, 6:Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,
id. 7, 23, 2:quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,
id. ib. 16, 49:hunc toti bello praefecerunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:bellum administrandum permittere,
id. ib. 21, 61.—Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:(κ).ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,
Liv. 1, 32, 13:Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,
id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:bellum indici posse existimabat,
Liv. 1, 22, 4:ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,
id. 1, 22, 6:ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,
id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:(λ).Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,
Cic. Pis. 34, 84:ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,
Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:bellum patriae faciet,
id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;3, 29: constituit bellum facere,
Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:occupant bellum facere,
they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,
id. 1, 32, 13:populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,
id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,
Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:b.subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 7:aliud multo propius bellum ortum,
Liv. 1, 14, 4:Veiens bellum exortum,
id. 2, 53, 1.—Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:(β).bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,
Cic. Sen. 6, 18:cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,
id. Off. 1, 12, 38:cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,
id. Div. 1, 46, 103:erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,
Caes. B. G. 3, 10:bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,
id. ib. 4, 6:Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,
Sall. C. 16, 5:bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,
Liv. 21, 1, 1:alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,
id. 2, 62, 3:de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,
id. 23, 25, 5:Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,
Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):bellum bellare,
Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);in the same sense: bellum agere,
Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:bello persequi aliquem,
Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:(γ).necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,
Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:bellum trahi non posse,
Sall. J. 23, 2:belli trahendi causa,
Liv. 5, 11, 8:morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,
id. 9, 27, 5:suadere institui ut bellum duceret,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:bellum enim ducetur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?
Liv. 5, 5, 1.—Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:c.bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44:Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,
Liv. 8, 37, 5.—Referring to the end of a war.(α).Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:(β).in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:(bellum) cum deponi victores velint,
Sall. J. 83, 1:bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,
id. 31, 31, 19:dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,
Sall. J. 112, 1:bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,
id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:velut posito bello,
Liv. 1, 53, 5:manere bellum quod positum simuletur,
id. 1, 53, 7:posito ubique bello,
Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,
Liv. 2, 14, 5.—Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:(γ).timerent ne bellum componeretur,
Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:si bellum compositum foret,
Sall. J. 97, 2:belli componendi licentiam,
id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;similarly: bellum sedare,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:d.is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,
Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:bellumque maximum conficies,
id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:confecto Mithridatico bello,
id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,
Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,
Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,
Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),
id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,
Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—Less usual connections:3.bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:alere ac fovere bellum,
Liv. 42, 11, 5:bellum navare alicui,
Tac. H. 5, 25:spargere,
id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:serere,
Liv. 21, 10, 4:circumferre,
Tac. A. 13, 37:exercere,
id. ib. 6, 31:quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:bellum ascendit in rupes,
id. 4, 12, 4:bellum serpit in proximos,
id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:bella narrare,
Cic. Or. 9, 30:canere bella,
Quint. 10, 1, 91:bella legere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—As object denoting place or time.a.Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.(α).Of the commander:(β).consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,
Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,
Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,
Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:in bellum,
Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—Of persons partaking in a war:b.si proficiscerer ad bellum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—c.In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:d.in bella sequi,
id. ib. 8, 547.—Of time.(α).In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):(β).valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,domi duellique,
id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,
Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,
Sall. J. 41, 7:animus belli ingens, domi modicus,
id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:bello domique,
id. 1, 34, 12:domi belloque,
id. 9, 26, 21; and:neque bello, neque domi,
id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,
Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:(γ).ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:in ipso bello eadem sensi,
id. Marcell. 5, 14:in Volsco bello virtus enituit,
Liv. 2, 24, 8:in eo bello,
id. 23, 46, 6:in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,
id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:qui in bello occiderunt,
Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,
Sall. C. 9, 4:non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,
Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:in bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:(δ).bello Italico,
id. Pis. 36, 87:Veienti bello,
id. Div. 1, 44, 100:domestico bello,
id. Planc. 29, 70:qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,
Liv. 23, 12, 11:victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1:nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,
id. 9, 18, 9:bello civili,
Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,
Cic. Sest. 26, 57:res pace belloque gestas,
Liv. 2, 1, 1:egregieque rebus bello gestis,
id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:ludi bello voti,
id. 4, 35. 3:princeps pace belloque,
id. 7, 1, 9:Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,
id. 45, 42, 7:bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—Inter bellum (rare):4.cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,
Liv. 2, 14, 2:inter haec bella consules... facti,
id. 2, 63, 1.—Bellum in attributive connection.a.Justum bellum.(α).A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):(β).justum piumque bellum,
Liv. 1, 23, 4:non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,
id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):b.in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,
Liv. 1, 15, 1.—For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—c.Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:d.quicunque belli eventus fuisset,
Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,
Sall. C. 37, 9:eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,
Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,
Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,
id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,
Liv. 5, 16, 8.—Fortuna belli, the chances of war:e.adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,
Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—Belli artes, military skill:f.cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,
Liv. 1, 35, 1:haud ignotas belli artes,
id. 21, 1, 2:temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,
id. 1, 21, 6.—Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:g.in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,
Liv. 5, 27, 6:jure belli res vindicatur,
Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:h.trium simul bellorum victor,
a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:victor tot bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1). —Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—B.Transf.1.Of things concr. and abstr.:2.qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,
Cic. Dom. 23, 60:bellum contra aras et focos,
id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,
id. Or. 2, 37, 155:ventri Indico bellum,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—Of animals:3.milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,
Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,
Ov. M. 6, 92.—With individuals:4.quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,
Cic. Lael. 21, 77:cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,
id. Sull. 9, 28:hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,
id. 3, 25, 3:tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,
id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,
Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—5.Personified as god of war ( = Janus):6.tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,
Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 607:mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,
id. ib. 6, 279.—Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):7.permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),
Ov. M. 12, 24:sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,
Sil. 7, 472:quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?
Stat. Th. 9, 490.—Battle, = proelium:8.rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,
Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,
Sall. C. 9, 4:praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,
Liv. 8, 10, 7:commisso statim bello,
Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:Actia bella,
Verg. A. 8, 675:ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,
id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —Bellum = liber de bello:b.quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!
Cic. Sen. 14, 50.Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:(β).bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,
Cic. Sen. 6, 18:cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,
id. Off. 1, 12, 38:cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,
id. Div. 1, 46, 103:erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,
Caes. B. G. 3, 10:bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,
id. ib. 4, 6:Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,
Sall. C. 16, 5:bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,
Liv. 21, 1, 1:alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,
id. 2, 62, 3:de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,
id. 23, 25, 5:Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,
Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):bellum bellare,
Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);in the same sense: bellum agere,
Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:bello persequi aliquem,
Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:(γ).necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,
Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:bellum trahi non posse,
Sall. J. 23, 2:belli trahendi causa,
Liv. 5, 11, 8:morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,
id. 9, 27, 5:suadere institui ut bellum duceret,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:bellum enim ducetur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?
Liv. 5, 5, 1.—Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:c.bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 44:Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,
Liv. 8, 37, 5.—Referring to the end of a war.(α).Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:(β).in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,
Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:(bellum) cum deponi victores velint,
Sall. J. 83, 1:bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,
Liv. 31, 1, 8:nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,
id. 31, 31, 19:dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,
Sall. J. 112, 1:bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,
id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:velut posito bello,
Liv. 1, 53, 5:manere bellum quod positum simuletur,
id. 1, 53, 7:posito ubique bello,
Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,
Liv. 2, 14, 5.—Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:(γ).timerent ne bellum componeretur,
Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:si bellum compositum foret,
Sall. J. 97, 2:belli componendi licentiam,
id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;similarly: bellum sedare,
Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:d.is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,
Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:bellumque maximum conficies,
id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:confecto Mithridatico bello,
id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,
Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,
Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,
Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,
Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),
id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,
Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—Less usual connections:3.bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:alere ac fovere bellum,
Liv. 42, 11, 5:bellum navare alicui,
Tac. H. 5, 25:spargere,
id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:serere,
Liv. 21, 10, 4:circumferre,
Tac. A. 13, 37:exercere,
id. ib. 6, 31:quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:bellum ascendit in rupes,
id. 4, 12, 4:bellum serpit in proximos,
id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:bella narrare,
Cic. Or. 9, 30:canere bella,
Quint. 10, 1, 91:bella legere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—As object denoting place or time.a.Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.(α).Of the commander:(β).consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,
Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,
Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,
Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:in bellum,
Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—Of persons partaking in a war:b.si proficiscerer ad bellum,
Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—c.In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:d.in bella sequi,
id. ib. 8, 547.—Of time.(α).In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):(β).valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,domi duellique,
id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,
Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,
Sall. J. 41, 7:animus belli ingens, domi modicus,
id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:bello domique,
id. 1, 34, 12:domi belloque,
id. 9, 26, 21; and:neque bello, neque domi,
id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,
Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:(γ).ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:in ipso bello eadem sensi,
id. Marcell. 5, 14:in Volsco bello virtus enituit,
Liv. 2, 24, 8:in eo bello,
id. 23, 46, 6:in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,
id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:qui in bello occiderunt,
Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,
Sall. C. 9, 4:non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,
Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:in bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:(δ).bello Italico,
id. Pis. 36, 87:Veienti bello,
id. Div. 1, 44, 100:domestico bello,
id. Planc. 29, 70:qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,
Liv. 23, 12, 11:victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1:nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,
id. 9, 18, 9:bello civili,
Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,
Cic. Sest. 26, 57:res pace belloque gestas,
Liv. 2, 1, 1:egregieque rebus bello gestis,
id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:ludi bello voti,
id. 4, 35. 3:princeps pace belloque,
id. 7, 1, 9:Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,
id. 45, 42, 7:bello parta,
Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—Inter bellum (rare):4.cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,
Liv. 2, 14, 2:inter haec bella consules... facti,
id. 2, 63, 1.—Bellum in attributive connection.a.Justum bellum.(α).A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):(β).justum piumque bellum,
Liv. 1, 23, 4:non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,
id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):b.in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,
Liv. 1, 15, 1.—For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—c.Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:d.quicunque belli eventus fuisset,
Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,
Sall. C. 37, 9:eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,
Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,
Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,
id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,
id. Att. 4, 16, 13:cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,
Liv. 5, 16, 8.—Fortuna belli, the chances of war:e.adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,
Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—Belli artes, military skill:f.cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,
Liv. 1, 35, 1:haud ignotas belli artes,
id. 21, 1, 2:temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,
id. 1, 21, 6.—Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:g.in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,
Liv. 5, 27, 6:jure belli res vindicatur,
Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:h.trium simul bellorum victor,
a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:victor tot bellis,
id. 2, 27, 1). —Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—B.Transf.1.Of things concr. and abstr.:2.qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,
Cic. Dom. 23, 60:bellum contra aras et focos,
id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,
id. Or. 2, 37, 155:ventri Indico bellum,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—Of animals:3.milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,
Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,
Ov. M. 6, 92.—With individuals:4.quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,
Cic. Lael. 21, 77:cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,
id. Sull. 9, 28:hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,
Liv. 2, 12, 11:falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,
id. 3, 25, 3:tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,
id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,
Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—5.Personified as god of war ( = Janus):6.tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,
Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,
Verg. A. 7, 607:mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,
id. ib. 6, 279.—Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):7.permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),
Ov. M. 12, 24:sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,
Sil. 7, 472:quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?
Stat. Th. 9, 490.—Battle, = proelium:8.rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,
Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,
Sall. C. 9, 4:praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,
Liv. 8, 10, 7:commisso statim bello,
Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:Actia bella,
Verg. A. 8, 675:ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,
id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —Bellum = liber de bello:quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!
Cic. Sen. 14, 50. -
4 Caspiacus
Caspĭum măre, = to kaspion pelagos, the Caspian Sea, Mel. 1, 2, 1; 3, 5, 3; 3, 6, 10; Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 31; Hor. C. 2, 9, 2:II.pelagus,
Mel. 1, 19, 13:Caspius oceanus,
Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 36:Caspium aequor,
id. 5, 27, 27, § 97 al. —Hence adjj.,A.Cas-pĭus, a, um, of or belonging to the Caspian Sea, Caspian:B.sinus,
Mel. 1, 2, 3 and 4; 3, 5, 3, 4 and 8; Plin. 2, 68, 68, § 173:litora,
id. 6, 25, 29, § 112:mons,
i. e. a part of Taurus, Mel. 1, 19, 13.—And as subst.: Caspĭus, ii, m. (sc. mons), Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 99;hence pylae or portae,
narrow passes in the Taurus, id. 1, 15, 2; Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 30; 6, 14, 17, § 43; 6, 13, 15, § 40; Suet. Ner. 19;so also via,
Tac. A. 6, 33.— And subst.: Caspĭae, ārum (sc. portae), Tac. H. 1, 6; Plin. 6, 16, 18, § 46:regna,
the country on the Caspian Sea, Verg. A. 6, 798:tigris,
Stat. Th. 10, 288:iaspis,
Plin. 37, 8, 37, § 115:gens,
the inhabitants on the Caspian Sea, id. 6, 15, 17, § 45; 6, 13, 15, § 40. —As subst.: Caspii, ōrum, m., = gens Caspia, Mel. 3, 5, 4; Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39.—Caspĭāni, ōrum, m., the same people, Mel. 1, 2, 4; Curt. 4, 12.—C.Cas-pĭădae, ärum, m., the same, Val. Fl. 6, 106.—D.Caspĭăcus, a, um:porta = Caspia porta,
Stat. S. 4, 4, 64. -
5 Caspiadae
Caspĭum măre, = to kaspion pelagos, the Caspian Sea, Mel. 1, 2, 1; 3, 5, 3; 3, 6, 10; Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 31; Hor. C. 2, 9, 2:II.pelagus,
Mel. 1, 19, 13:Caspius oceanus,
Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 36:Caspium aequor,
id. 5, 27, 27, § 97 al. —Hence adjj.,A.Cas-pĭus, a, um, of or belonging to the Caspian Sea, Caspian:B.sinus,
Mel. 1, 2, 3 and 4; 3, 5, 3, 4 and 8; Plin. 2, 68, 68, § 173:litora,
id. 6, 25, 29, § 112:mons,
i. e. a part of Taurus, Mel. 1, 19, 13.—And as subst.: Caspĭus, ii, m. (sc. mons), Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 99;hence pylae or portae,
narrow passes in the Taurus, id. 1, 15, 2; Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 30; 6, 14, 17, § 43; 6, 13, 15, § 40; Suet. Ner. 19;so also via,
Tac. A. 6, 33.— And subst.: Caspĭae, ārum (sc. portae), Tac. H. 1, 6; Plin. 6, 16, 18, § 46:regna,
the country on the Caspian Sea, Verg. A. 6, 798:tigris,
Stat. Th. 10, 288:iaspis,
Plin. 37, 8, 37, § 115:gens,
the inhabitants on the Caspian Sea, id. 6, 15, 17, § 45; 6, 13, 15, § 40. —As subst.: Caspii, ōrum, m., = gens Caspia, Mel. 3, 5, 4; Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39.—Caspĭāni, ōrum, m., the same people, Mel. 1, 2, 4; Curt. 4, 12.—C.Cas-pĭădae, ärum, m., the same, Val. Fl. 6, 106.—D.Caspĭăcus, a, um:porta = Caspia porta,
Stat. S. 4, 4, 64. -
6 Caspiae
Caspĭum măre, = to kaspion pelagos, the Caspian Sea, Mel. 1, 2, 1; 3, 5, 3; 3, 6, 10; Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 31; Hor. C. 2, 9, 2:II.pelagus,
Mel. 1, 19, 13:Caspius oceanus,
Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 36:Caspium aequor,
id. 5, 27, 27, § 97 al. —Hence adjj.,A.Cas-pĭus, a, um, of or belonging to the Caspian Sea, Caspian:B.sinus,
Mel. 1, 2, 3 and 4; 3, 5, 3, 4 and 8; Plin. 2, 68, 68, § 173:litora,
id. 6, 25, 29, § 112:mons,
i. e. a part of Taurus, Mel. 1, 19, 13.—And as subst.: Caspĭus, ii, m. (sc. mons), Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 99;hence pylae or portae,
narrow passes in the Taurus, id. 1, 15, 2; Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 30; 6, 14, 17, § 43; 6, 13, 15, § 40; Suet. Ner. 19;so also via,
Tac. A. 6, 33.— And subst.: Caspĭae, ārum (sc. portae), Tac. H. 1, 6; Plin. 6, 16, 18, § 46:regna,
the country on the Caspian Sea, Verg. A. 6, 798:tigris,
Stat. Th. 10, 288:iaspis,
Plin. 37, 8, 37, § 115:gens,
the inhabitants on the Caspian Sea, id. 6, 15, 17, § 45; 6, 13, 15, § 40. —As subst.: Caspii, ōrum, m., = gens Caspia, Mel. 3, 5, 4; Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39.—Caspĭāni, ōrum, m., the same people, Mel. 1, 2, 4; Curt. 4, 12.—C.Cas-pĭădae, ärum, m., the same, Val. Fl. 6, 106.—D.Caspĭăcus, a, um:porta = Caspia porta,
Stat. S. 4, 4, 64. -
7 Caspiani
Caspĭum măre, = to kaspion pelagos, the Caspian Sea, Mel. 1, 2, 1; 3, 5, 3; 3, 6, 10; Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 31; Hor. C. 2, 9, 2:II.pelagus,
Mel. 1, 19, 13:Caspius oceanus,
Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 36:Caspium aequor,
id. 5, 27, 27, § 97 al. —Hence adjj.,A.Cas-pĭus, a, um, of or belonging to the Caspian Sea, Caspian:B.sinus,
Mel. 1, 2, 3 and 4; 3, 5, 3, 4 and 8; Plin. 2, 68, 68, § 173:litora,
id. 6, 25, 29, § 112:mons,
i. e. a part of Taurus, Mel. 1, 19, 13.—And as subst.: Caspĭus, ii, m. (sc. mons), Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 99;hence pylae or portae,
narrow passes in the Taurus, id. 1, 15, 2; Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 30; 6, 14, 17, § 43; 6, 13, 15, § 40; Suet. Ner. 19;so also via,
Tac. A. 6, 33.— And subst.: Caspĭae, ārum (sc. portae), Tac. H. 1, 6; Plin. 6, 16, 18, § 46:regna,
the country on the Caspian Sea, Verg. A. 6, 798:tigris,
Stat. Th. 10, 288:iaspis,
Plin. 37, 8, 37, § 115:gens,
the inhabitants on the Caspian Sea, id. 6, 15, 17, § 45; 6, 13, 15, § 40. —As subst.: Caspii, ōrum, m., = gens Caspia, Mel. 3, 5, 4; Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39.—Caspĭāni, ōrum, m., the same people, Mel. 1, 2, 4; Curt. 4, 12.—C.Cas-pĭădae, ärum, m., the same, Val. Fl. 6, 106.—D.Caspĭăcus, a, um:porta = Caspia porta,
Stat. S. 4, 4, 64. -
8 Caspii
Caspĭum măre, = to kaspion pelagos, the Caspian Sea, Mel. 1, 2, 1; 3, 5, 3; 3, 6, 10; Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 31; Hor. C. 2, 9, 2:II.pelagus,
Mel. 1, 19, 13:Caspius oceanus,
Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 36:Caspium aequor,
id. 5, 27, 27, § 97 al. —Hence adjj.,A.Cas-pĭus, a, um, of or belonging to the Caspian Sea, Caspian:B.sinus,
Mel. 1, 2, 3 and 4; 3, 5, 3, 4 and 8; Plin. 2, 68, 68, § 173:litora,
id. 6, 25, 29, § 112:mons,
i. e. a part of Taurus, Mel. 1, 19, 13.—And as subst.: Caspĭus, ii, m. (sc. mons), Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 99;hence pylae or portae,
narrow passes in the Taurus, id. 1, 15, 2; Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 30; 6, 14, 17, § 43; 6, 13, 15, § 40; Suet. Ner. 19;so also via,
Tac. A. 6, 33.— And subst.: Caspĭae, ārum (sc. portae), Tac. H. 1, 6; Plin. 6, 16, 18, § 46:regna,
the country on the Caspian Sea, Verg. A. 6, 798:tigris,
Stat. Th. 10, 288:iaspis,
Plin. 37, 8, 37, § 115:gens,
the inhabitants on the Caspian Sea, id. 6, 15, 17, § 45; 6, 13, 15, § 40. —As subst.: Caspii, ōrum, m., = gens Caspia, Mel. 3, 5, 4; Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39.—Caspĭāni, ōrum, m., the same people, Mel. 1, 2, 4; Curt. 4, 12.—C.Cas-pĭădae, ärum, m., the same, Val. Fl. 6, 106.—D.Caspĭăcus, a, um:porta = Caspia porta,
Stat. S. 4, 4, 64. -
9 Caspium mare
Caspĭum măre, = to kaspion pelagos, the Caspian Sea, Mel. 1, 2, 1; 3, 5, 3; 3, 6, 10; Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 31; Hor. C. 2, 9, 2:II.pelagus,
Mel. 1, 19, 13:Caspius oceanus,
Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 36:Caspium aequor,
id. 5, 27, 27, § 97 al. —Hence adjj.,A.Cas-pĭus, a, um, of or belonging to the Caspian Sea, Caspian:B.sinus,
Mel. 1, 2, 3 and 4; 3, 5, 3, 4 and 8; Plin. 2, 68, 68, § 173:litora,
id. 6, 25, 29, § 112:mons,
i. e. a part of Taurus, Mel. 1, 19, 13.—And as subst.: Caspĭus, ii, m. (sc. mons), Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 99;hence pylae or portae,
narrow passes in the Taurus, id. 1, 15, 2; Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 30; 6, 14, 17, § 43; 6, 13, 15, § 40; Suet. Ner. 19;so also via,
Tac. A. 6, 33.— And subst.: Caspĭae, ārum (sc. portae), Tac. H. 1, 6; Plin. 6, 16, 18, § 46:regna,
the country on the Caspian Sea, Verg. A. 6, 798:tigris,
Stat. Th. 10, 288:iaspis,
Plin. 37, 8, 37, § 115:gens,
the inhabitants on the Caspian Sea, id. 6, 15, 17, § 45; 6, 13, 15, § 40. —As subst.: Caspii, ōrum, m., = gens Caspia, Mel. 3, 5, 4; Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39.—Caspĭāni, ōrum, m., the same people, Mel. 1, 2, 4; Curt. 4, 12.—C.Cas-pĭădae, ärum, m., the same, Val. Fl. 6, 106.—D.Caspĭăcus, a, um:porta = Caspia porta,
Stat. S. 4, 4, 64. -
10 Caspius
Caspĭum măre, = to kaspion pelagos, the Caspian Sea, Mel. 1, 2, 1; 3, 5, 3; 3, 6, 10; Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 31; Hor. C. 2, 9, 2:II.pelagus,
Mel. 1, 19, 13:Caspius oceanus,
Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 36:Caspium aequor,
id. 5, 27, 27, § 97 al. —Hence adjj.,A.Cas-pĭus, a, um, of or belonging to the Caspian Sea, Caspian:B.sinus,
Mel. 1, 2, 3 and 4; 3, 5, 3, 4 and 8; Plin. 2, 68, 68, § 173:litora,
id. 6, 25, 29, § 112:mons,
i. e. a part of Taurus, Mel. 1, 19, 13.—And as subst.: Caspĭus, ii, m. (sc. mons), Plin. 5, 27, 27, § 99;hence pylae or portae,
narrow passes in the Taurus, id. 1, 15, 2; Plin. 6, 11, 12, § 30; 6, 14, 17, § 43; 6, 13, 15, § 40; Suet. Ner. 19;so also via,
Tac. A. 6, 33.— And subst.: Caspĭae, ārum (sc. portae), Tac. H. 1, 6; Plin. 6, 16, 18, § 46:regna,
the country on the Caspian Sea, Verg. A. 6, 798:tigris,
Stat. Th. 10, 288:iaspis,
Plin. 37, 8, 37, § 115:gens,
the inhabitants on the Caspian Sea, id. 6, 15, 17, § 45; 6, 13, 15, § 40. —As subst.: Caspii, ōrum, m., = gens Caspia, Mel. 3, 5, 4; Plin. 6, 13, 15, § 39.—Caspĭāni, ōrum, m., the same people, Mel. 1, 2, 4; Curt. 4, 12.—C.Cas-pĭădae, ärum, m., the same, Val. Fl. 6, 106.—D.Caspĭăcus, a, um:porta = Caspia porta,
Stat. S. 4, 4, 64. -
11 appōnō (ad-p-)
appōnō (ad-p-) posuī, positus, ere, to put at, place by, lay beside, set near: appositae mensae, O.: machina adposita: notam ad versum: statio portae apposita, L.—Esp., to serve, set before: patellam: appositis (vinis), H.: iis, quod satis esset: his exta, L.—To put upon, apply: appositā velatur ianua lauro, O.: scalis appositis, against the walls, L.: candelam valvis, to set on fire, Iu. — To put away, lay down: rastros, T.: hunc (puerum) ante ianuam, T.—To add, give in addition (poet.): aetas illi Apponet annos, H. — Fig., to appoint, assign, designate: custodem Tullio me: accusator apponitur civis: magister consulibus appositus, L.: alqm custodiae, Ta.: appositum, ut, etc., it was besides ordered, Ta.—To set on, instigate: calumniatores: alqm qui emeret. — To set down, deem, regard, consider, account: postulare id gratiae adponi sibi, T.: (diem) lucro, H. -
12 bellum
bellum old and poet. duellum, ī, n [DVA-, DVI-], war. — Form duellum: agere rem duelli, C. (lex): purum piumque, L. (old record): victoria duelli, L. (oracle): Pacem duello miscuit, H. — Form bellum: Germanicum, against the Germans, Cs.: Sabinum, L.: regium, against kings: civile, Cs.: Helvetiorum, against the H., Cs.: Pyrrhi: cum Iugurthā: cum Samnitibus, L.: adversus Vestinos, L.: contra patriam: in Peloponnesios gerere, N.: in Asia gerere: gerere apud Mutinam, N.: civitati bellum indicere: patriae facere: parare, L.: parare alcui, against, N.: decernere alicui: indicere, L.: facere alicui: sumere, to undertake, S.: facere atque instruere, carry on: difficultates belli gerendi, Cs.: Hannibale duce gerere, L.: trahere, to protract, L.: bellum non inferre, sed defendere, not aggressive but defensive, Cs.: deponere, to discontinue, S.: velut posito bello, L.: positis bellis, V.: componere, to end by treaty, S.: sedare, N.: conficere, to end successfully: finire, to terminate, L.: futura bella delere, make impossible: legere, to read about: consentire, to ratify a declaration of war, L.: ad privatum deferre, to give the command in: mandare alcui, L.: alcui bellum gerendum dare: bello imperatorem praeficere: alqm ad bellum mittere: ad bellum proficisci: bellum in Galliā coortum est, broke out, Cs.: exortum, L.: spargi bellum nequibat, be waged by detachments, Ta. — In expressions of time, manner, etc.—Belli ( loc. case), in war, during war: magnae res belli gerebantur; usu. with domi: belli domique, S.: vel belli vel domi: in bello, in war-time, L.: in civili bello: in Volsco bello, L.: bello Romanorum: res bello gestae, during war, L.: res pace belloque gestae, L.: princeps pace belloque, L.: bello d<*>ique, L.: omnibus Punicis bellis: victor tot intra paucos dies bellis, L.: mos inter bellum natus, L.: iustum, righteous, L.; also, regular warfare (opp. populabundi more), L.: belli eventus, the result: belli exitus: bella incerti exitūs, indecisive, L.: fortuna belli, the chances of war, L.: varia, L.: belli artes, military skill, L.: iura belli, the law of war: genus belli, the character of the war. — Meton., of animals or things, war: parietibus bellum inferre: philosophiae... bellum indicere: ventri Indico bellum, H.: miluo est bellum cum corvo.—A feud, private hostility: cum eo bellum gerere quicum vixeris: hoc tibi iuventus Romana indicimus bellum, L.—Personified (for Ianus): sunt geminae Belli portae, etc., V.: Belli postes portasque, H.— Plur, an army: Nereus Bella non transfert, O. — Battle: bello excedere, S.: laus eius belli, L.: Actia bella, V. — A history of a war: gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius.* * *war, warfare; battle, combat, fight; (at/in) (the) war(s); military force, arms -
13 bi-patēns
bi-patēns adj., with double opening: portae, folding, V.: tecta, with doors on both sides, V. -
14 bivius
bivius adj. [bi-+via], of two ways, having two approaches: fauces, V.—As subst n., a place where two roads meet: portae, the fork at the gate, V.: ad bivia consistere, L.* * *bivia, bivium ADJtraversable both ways; having two approaches -
15 caelum
caelum ī, n [2 CAV-], the sky, heaven, heavens, vault of heaven: caelum terra mariaque: quod tegit omnia caelum, O.: aliquod caeli signum, sign, constellation: in caelo regere, H.: portae de caelo tactae, struck by lightning, L.: caelum terramque miscere (of violent winds), V.: de caelo demissis, i. e. of divine descent, L.: albente caelo, at break of day, Cs.: vesperascente caelo, in the evening twilight, N. — In augury: de caelo servare, to observe the signs of heaven: de caelo fieri (of celestial signs), to appear.—Provv.: quid si nunc caelum ruat? (of a vain fear), T.: delabi caelo, to drop from the sky (of sudden good-fortune): caelum ac terras miscere, to throw everything into confusion, L.: findere caelum aratro (of an impossibility), O.—In a play on the name Caelius: caeli spatium, the breadth of the sky (or of the grave of Caelius), V. — A sky, clime, zone, region: caelum, sub quo natus essem, L.: Caelum non animum mutare, H.—The air, sky, atmosphere, temperature, climate, weather: foedus annus intemperie caeli, L.: caeli spiritus iucundus: caeli morem praediscere, V.: ducere animam de caelo, the open air: Germania aspera caelo, Ta.: salubre: serenum, V.: palustre, L.: foedum imbribus, Ta.—Fig., of well-being, heaven, the height of honor, prosperity, happiness: Caesar fertur in caelum, praised to the skies: vos ad caelum efferre rumore secundo, H.: collegam de caelo detraxisti, deprived of his position: in caelo sum, i. e. very happy: caelum accepisse fatebor, O. — Of things: omnia, quae tu in caelum ferebas, extolled.* * *Iheaven, sky, heavens; space; air, climate, weather; universe, world; JehovahIIchisel; engraving tool; burin -
16 custōs
custōs ōdis, m and f [SCV-], a guard, watch, preserver, keeper, overseer, protector, defender, attendant: corporis, a body-guard, L.: nostri, Cs.: portae: pontis, N.: cum custodibus venire, under guard, S.: gregis, V.: pecuniae quam regni melior, L.: puellae, O.: custos Quoi commendavi filium, tutor, T.: custodis eges, a guardian, H.: Virtutis, H.: dei custodes urbis: rerum Caesar, H.—Of dogs, V.: finīs custode tueri, outposts, V. —A keeper of the ballot-box, inspector (in charge of the voting-tablets): tabellarum: tribūs nullo custode sortitus.—A watch, spy: Dumnorigi custodes ponit, ut, etc., Cs.: custodem Tullio me apponite: num nam hic relictu's custos, Nequis clam curset, etc., T.—A jailer, keeper: praefectus custodum, chief jailer, N.: te sub custode tenebo, H.—Fig., a keeper, guardian: dignitatis (fortitudo): sapientia totius hominis.—A receptacle, safe, holder: eburnea Telorum, quiver, O.: turis, an incense-box, O.* * *guard; sentry/watch; guardian/protector/keeper; doorkeeper/watchman/janitor; jailer, warden; poll watcher; spy; garrison; container; replacement vine shoot -
17 geminus
geminus adj., born together, twin-born, twin-: fratres: sorores, H.: pueri, V.: partus, L.: Nec gemino bellum orditur ab ovo, i. e. the two eggs laid by Leda as a swan, H.: Quirini, Iu.— Plur m. as subst, twins: geminorum formae: quoniam gemini essent, L.—Paired, double, twofold, both, two: lucernae lumen: nuptiae, T.: Somni portae, V.: voragines rei p.: acies, eyes, V.: cruor, i. e. two deaths, O.: Chiron, of two natures (a centaur), O.: Cecrops, i. e. half Greek, half Egyptian, O.: geminis exsurgit mensa lucernis, seen double, Iu.— Resembling, similar, like: nequitiā: Dolabella et Antonius, geminum in scelere par: illud consiliis Catilinae et Lentuli, common.* * *Igemina, geminum ADJtwin, double; twin-born; bothIItwins (pl.) -
18 Iānus
Iānus ī, m [IA-], an old Italian deity, good of doors, passages, and entrances, of all beginnings, and of the month of January: anceps, with two faces, O.: bifrons, V.: Ianus Quirini, H.— The temple of Janus: ad infimum Argiletum, L.—An arched passage-way, covered passage, arcade: transitiones perviae Iani nominantur: dexter Ianus portae, Cs.—Esp., four arched passages in the Forum, the exchange for merchants and bankers: medius: summus, H.* * *arcade, covered passage -
19 in-aedificō
in-aedificō āvī, ātus, āre, to build as a superstructure, erect as an addition, erect, construct: inaedificata in muris moenia, Cs.: in quā (domo) sacellum: quae in loca publica inaedificata habebant, L.—To build up, wall up, close by walls: vicos, Cs.: portae inaedificatae, barricaded, L.: sacella inaedificata. -
20 incola
incola ae, m and f [1 in+COL-], an inhabitant, resident (opp. advena): de Africā et eius incolis, S.: ut huc novus incola venit, H.: incolae paene nostri, almost our countrymen: Idumaeae Syrophoenix portae, Iu.: Cameren incola turba vocant, the natives, O.— An inhabitant: aquarum incolae: rana stagni, Ph.: me obicere incolis aquilonibus, native, H.—A foreign resident, sojourner, immigrant: peregrini autem atque incolae officium: incola a Tarquiniis, L.* * *inhabitant; resident, dweller; resident alien; foreigner (Plater)
См. также в других словарях:
PORTAE — seu a Raurica, iugum in monte Iura, apud Birsae caput: saxum est ingens, citeriorem vallem, quam Grandem et Monaster. vocant, ab ulteriore, quae ad B. Himmerii vallem, atque burgundiam minor. seu Aventicensem pagum ducit, velut de industria… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
Portae — (a. Geogr.), s. Porta 3) … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
PORTAE Albaniae — Ptol. Vide Caucasiae portae … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
PORTAE Amani — Plin. l. 5. c. 27. quae Pylae Amanicae Ptol. Pylae Amanides Straboni, et Portae Ciliciae Bogras, a Pagris urbe, vulgo dictae, per quas ex Cilicia in Syriam transitur, ab Isso urbe 270. stadiis, teste Xenophonte, distantes … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
PORTAE Ciliciae — Strab. Vide Portae Amani … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
PORTAE Ferreae — seu porta Ferrea. Derbent, et Demircapi, urbs albaniae in Asia ad Caspium mare. Vide Portae Caucasiae … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
PORTAE Caspiae — Plin. l. 5. c. 27. l. 6. c. 13. (Vide Caspiae) ab Ecbatanis 20. mill. pass. apud eundem, ubi numerus depravatus videtur. A portis Caspiis (quarum transitus angustus est, et valde difficilis ob magnam serpentum copiam et liquorem salis ex cautibus … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
PORTAE Caucasiae — Plin. l. 6. c. 11. Vide Caucasie … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
PORTAE Mediae — Strab. ad Zagrum montem, per quas ex Media in parthiam transitus est … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
Portae — Porta Por ta, n.; pl. {Port[ae]}. [L., a gate. See {Port} a hole.] (Anat.) (a) The part of the liver or other organ where its vessels and nerves enter; the hilus. (b) The foramen of Monro. B. G. Wilder. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
CASPIAE Portae — variae dicuntur; Quidam Amazones portis Caspiis egressas ad Alexandrum venisse in Hyrcaniam prodidêre: sed illae Caucasiae fuerunt, per quas transitus est et Iberia in Scythiam. Neronis quoque comminatio ad Caspins portas (ut inquit Plin. l. 6. c … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale